\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u6027\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u5224\u65ad\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u81ea\u5df1\u65f6\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Self-Serving Bias<\/strong>: Our failures are situational, but our successes are our responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u81ea\u52a9\u504f\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u529f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u62c5\u8d77\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n In-Group Favoritism<\/strong>: We favor people who are in our in-group as opposed to an out-group. \u7ec4\u5185\u504f\u7231\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u504f\u7231\u5904\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7ec4\u5185\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec4\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bandwagon Effect<\/strong>: Ideas, fads, and beliefs grow as more people adopt them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6f6e\u6d41\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u65f6\u5c1a\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u968f\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Groupthink<\/strong>: Due to a desire for conformity and harmony in the group, we make irrational decisions, often to minimize conflict. \u7fa4\u4f53\u601d\u7ef4\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6e34\u671b\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Halo Effect<\/strong>: If you see a person as having a positive trait, that positive impression will spill over into their other traits. (This also works for negative traits.)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5149\u73af\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u4f1a\u6ea2\u51fa\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u8d28\u4e2d\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\uff08\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8d1f\u9762\u7279\u5f81\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n Moral Luck<\/strong>: Better moral standing happens due to a positive outcome; worse moral standing happens due to a negative outcome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9053\u5fb7\u8fd0\u6c14\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b \u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n False Consensus<\/strong>: We believe more people agree with us than is actually the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9519\u8bef\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Curse of Knowledge<\/strong>: Once we know something, we assume everyone else knows it, too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc5\u5492\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5047\u8bbe\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Spotlight Effect<\/strong>: We overestimate how much people are paying attention to our behavior and appearance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u805a\u5149\u706f\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5916\u8868\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Availability Heuristic<\/strong>: We rely on immediate examples that come to mind while making judgments. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u53ef\u7528\u6027\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\u4f9d\u9760\u7acb\u5373\u6d6e\u73b0\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Defensive Attribution<\/strong>: As a witness who secretly fears being vulnerable to a serious mishap, we will blame the victim less if we relate to the victim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u5f52\u56e0\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6697\u4e2d\u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u4e8b\u6545\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8bc1\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u6307\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Just-World Hypothesis<\/strong>: We tend to believe the world is just; therefore, we assume acts of injustice are deserved. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u516c\u6b63\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\uff1b \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Na\u00efve Realism<\/strong>: We believe that we observe objective reality and that other people are irrational, uninformed, or biased. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6734\u7d20\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u6216\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Na\u00efve Cynicism<\/strong>: We believe that we observe objective reality and that other people have a higher egocentric bias than they actually do in their intentions\/actions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5929\u771f\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u56fe\/\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002 Forer Effect <\/strong>(aka Barnum Effect): We easily attribute our personalities to vague statements, even if they can apply to a wide range of people. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Forer \u6548\u5e94\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\uff09\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dunning-Kruger Effect<\/strong>: The less you know, the more confident you are. The more you know, the less confident you are. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9093\u5b81-\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8d8a\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002 \u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8d8a\u4e0d\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anchoring:<\/strong>\u00a0We rely heavily on the first piece of information introduced when making decisions.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u951a\u5b9a\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Automation Bias<\/strong>: We rely on automated systems, sometimes trusting too much in the automated correction of actually correct decisions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u504f\u5dee\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fc7\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b9e\u9645\u6b63\u786e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Google Effect <\/strong>(aka Digital Amnesia): We tend to forget information that\u2019s easily looked up in search engines. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8c37\u6b4c\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u6570\u5b57\u5065\u5fd8\u75c7\uff09\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u4e2d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reactance<\/strong>: We do the opposite of what we\u2019re told, especially when we perceive threats to personal freedoms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Confirmation Bias<\/strong>: We tend to find and remember information that confirms our perceptions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u786e\u8ba4\u504f\u5dee\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u8bb0\u4f4f\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Backfire Effect<\/strong>: Disproving evidence sometimes has the unwarranted effect of confirming our beliefs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1a\u53cd\u9a73\u8bc1\u636e\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Third-Person Effect<\/strong>: We believe that others are more affected by mass media consumption than we ourselves are. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Belief Bias<\/strong>: We judge an argument\u2019s strength not by how strongly it supports the conclusion but how plausible the conclusion is in our own minds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u5dee\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Availability Cascade<\/strong>: Tied to our need for social acceptance, collective beliefs gain more plausibility through public repetition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7ea7\u8054\uff1a\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00\u91cd\u590d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Declinism<\/strong>: We tent to romanticize the past and view the future negatively, believing that societies\/institutions are by and large in decline. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6d88\u6781\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u8fc7\u53bb\u6d6a\u6f2b\u5316\u5e76\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\/\u673a\u6784\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u6b63\u5728\u8870\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Status Quo Bias<\/strong>: We tend to prefer things to stay the same; changes from the baseline are considered to be a loss.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u73b0\u72b6\u504f\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u00a0\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7ebf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sunk Cost Fallacy<\/strong> (aka Escalation of Commitment): We invest more in things that have cost us something rather than altering our investments, even if we face negative outcomes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6c89\u6ca1\u6210\u672c\u8c2c\u8bef\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u627f\u8bfa\u5347\u7ea7\uff09\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u8d1f\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gambler\u2019s Fallacy<\/strong>: We think future possibilities are affected by past events. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8d4c\u5f92\u8c2c\u8bef\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zero-Risk Bias<\/strong>: We prefer to reduce small risks to zero, even if we can reduce more risk overall with another option.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u96f6\u98ce\u9669\u504f\u5dee\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u5c0f\u98ce\u9669\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u96f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u6574\u4f53\u98ce\u9669\u3002 Framing Effect<\/strong>: We often draw different conclusions from the same information depending on how it\u2019s presented. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ece\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Stereotyping<\/strong>: We adopt generalized beliefs that members of a group will have certain characteristics, despite not having information about the individual. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Outgroup Homogeneity Bias<\/strong>: We perceive out-group members as homogeneous and our own in-groups as more diverse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5916\u7fa4\u4f53\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u504f\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5916\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u662f\u540c\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u7fa4\u4f53\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Authority Bias<\/strong>: We trust and are more often influenced by the opinions of authority figures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6743\u5a01\u504f\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4efb\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Placebo Effect<\/strong>: If we believe a treatment will work, it often will have a small physiological effect. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b89\u6170\u5242\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u4f1a\u594f\u6548\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Survivorship Bias<\/strong>: We tend to focus on those things that survived a process and overlook ones that failed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u504f\u5dee\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u90a3\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tachypsychia<\/strong>: Our perceptions of time shift depending on trauma, drug use, and physical exertion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tachypsychia\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u521b\u4f24\u3001\u5438\u6bd2\u548c\u4f53\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Law of Triviality<\/strong> (aka \u201cBike-Shedding\u201d): We give disproportionate weight to trivial issues, often while avoiding more complex issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7410\u788e\u6cd5\u5219\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u201cBike-Shedding\u201d\uff09\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u7410\u788e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zeigarnik Effect<\/strong>: We remember incomplete tasks more than completed ones. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Zeigarnik \u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5f97\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6bd4\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n IKEA Effect<\/strong>: We place higher value on things we partially created ourselves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b9c\u5bb6\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u81ea\u5df1\u90e8\u5206\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ben Franklin Effect<\/strong>: We like doing favors; we are more likely to do another favor for someone if we\u2019ve already done a favor for them than if we had received a favor from that person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u672c\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u5e2e\u4eba\uff1b \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u67d0\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u6069\u60e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bystander Effect<\/strong>: The more other people are around, the less likely we are to help a victim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Suggestibility<\/strong>: We, especially children, sometimes mistake ideas suggested by a questioner for memories. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6697\u793a\u6027\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5c06\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n False Memory<\/strong>: We mistake imagination for real memories. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u865a\u5047\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u60f3\u8c61\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cryptomnesia<\/strong>: We mistake real memories for imagination. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Cryptomnesia\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Clustering Illusion<\/strong>: We find patterns and \u201cclusters\u201d in random data. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u805a\u7c7b\u9519\u89c9\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u201c\u805a\u7c7b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pessimism Bias<\/strong>: We sometimes overestimate the likelihood of bad outcomes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u60b2\u89c2\u504f\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u9ad8\u4f30\u574f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Optimism Bias<\/strong>: We sometimes are over-optimistic about good outcomes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e50\u89c2\u504f\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5bf9\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e50\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Blind Spot Bias<\/strong>: We don\u2019t think we have bias, and we see it others more than ourselves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u76f2\u70b9\u504f\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n lon Musk\u6628\u665a\u53d1\u63a8\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u8be5\u88ab\u6559\u5bfc\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u5c0f\u7f16\u7279\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ee5\u98e8\u8bfb\u8005\u3002 \u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u975e\u5e38\u68d8\u624b\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15654,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16125"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16146,"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16125\/revisions\/16146"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epcpmo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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